Everything about Robert Bulwer-lytton 1st Earl Of Lytton totally explained
Edward Robert Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton GCB GCSI GCIE PC (
8 November,
1831–
24 November,
1891) was an
English statesman, serving as
Viceroy of India; and
poet, under the
pen name of
Owen Meredith.
Life account
He was a son of novelists
Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton and
Rosina Doyle Wheeler. He was educated at
Harrow School and at the
University of Bonn. When eighteen years old, he went to the
United States as private secretary of his uncle,
Sir Henry Bulwer, who was Minister at
Washington, DC.
When twenty-five years old, he published in
London a volume of poems under the name of
Owen Meredith. He went on to publish several other volumes under the same name. The most popular one is "
Lucile", a story in verse published in 1860.
He was later secretary at different courts in
Europe and Minister to
Portugal and
France. From
1876 to
1880 he was
Viceroy and Governor-General of India. Lytton's tenure as Viceroy coincided with one of the worst recorded
famines, and his uncompromising implementation of British Colonial Policy was a factor in its severity.
He succeeded his father as
2nd Baron Lytton in
1873, and in
1880 was created
Viscount Knebworth, of Knebworth in the County of Hertford, and
Earl of Lytton, in the County of Derby.
Marriage and children
On
October 4,
1864 Lytton married Edith Villiers. She was a daughter of Edward Ernest Villiers (1806 - 1843) and Elizabeth Charlotte Liddell.
Her paternal grandparents were
George Villiers and Theresa Parker. Her maternal grandparents were
Thomas Liddell, 1st Baron Ravensworth and his wife Maria Susannah Simpson.
George Villiers was a son of
Thomas Villiers, 1st Earl of Clarendon and Charlotte Capell. Theresa Parker was a daughter of
John Parker, 1st Baron Boringdon and his second wife Theresa Robinson. Maria Susannah Simpson was a daughter of John Simpson and Anne Lyon.
Charlotte Capell was a daughter of
William Capell, 3rd Earl of Essex and Lady Jane Hyde. Theresa Robinson was a daughter of
Thomas Robinson, 1st Baron Grantham and Frances Worsley. Anne Lyon was a daughter of
Thomas Lyon, 8th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne and
Jean Nicholsen.
Lady Jane Hyde was a daughter of
Henry Hyde, 4th Earl of Clarendon and Jane Leveson-Gower.
They had at least seven children:
Career as Viceroy
Lord Lytton arrived as Viceroy of India in 1876. In the same year, a
famine broke out in south India which claimed more than 5.5 million lives.
In 1877, Lord Lytton convened a
durbar (imperial assembly) in Delhi which was attended by around 84,000 people including princes and title holders. In 1878, he promulgated the Vernacular Press Act, which empowered him to confiscate the press and paper of a local language newspaper publishing 'seditious material'. The resulted in public outcry in Calcutta led by the
Indian Association.
Further Information
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